how to 5 pin relay is works \ power window system working principle Urdu...

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how to oxygen sensors work detele

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00's oxygen sensors started to give way to more precise air fuel ratio sensors.  Air fuel (A/F) ratio sensor An air fuel ratio (A/F) sensor measures oxygen content of the exhaust in a wider range. Looking similar to a conventional oxygen sensor, the A/F sensor has more wires. It is also known as "broadband lambda sensor" or "lambda probe." The air fuel ratio sensor is installed in the exhaust manifold or in the front exhaust pipe, before the catalytic converter. The job of the air fuel ratio sensor is to measure the oxygen content in the exhaust and provide feedback to the engine computer (PCM). Based on air fuel ratio sensor signal, the computer adjusts the air to fuel ratio to keep it at the optimum level, which is about 14.7:1. Air fuel ratio sensor problems Problems with air fuel ratio sensors are common. Often a sensor gets contaminated or simply fails. In some cars, the heating element inside the sensor fails causing the malfunction. For exa...
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how is the car starting system is works Suzuki corolla Honda

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A starter is an electric motor that turns over or "cranks" the engine to start it. It consists of a powerful DC (Direct Current) electric motor and the starter solenoid that is attached to the motor (see the picture). In most cars, a starter motor is attached to the transmission, see these photo 1  and  photo 2 .  Starter motor. Click for  larger photo The starter motor is powered by the car battery. To turn over the engine the starter motor requires a very high electric current, which means the battery has to have sufficient power. If the battery is discharged, the lights in a car might come on, but it won't be enough power (current) to turn over the starter motor. What are the symptoms of a bad starter motor: With the fully charged battery, when starting a car, nothing happens or there is a single click, but the starter motor doesn't run, even though there is a 12-Volt power at the starter control terminal. Another symptom is when the starter motor runs, ...
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how to crankshaft position sensor is work

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Ford Crankshaft position sensor (CKP) The crankshaft position sensor measures the rotation speed (RPMs) and the precise position of the engine crankshaft. Without a crankshaft position sensor the engine wouldn't start.  In some cars, the sensor is installed close to the main pulley (harmonic balancer) like in this Ford in the photo. In other cars, the sensor could be installed at the transmission bell housing, or in the engine cylinder block, as in the photo below. In the technical literature, the crankshaft position sensor is abbreviated to CKP. How the crankshaft position sensor works In this GM engine, the crankshaft position  sensor is installed at the cylinder block The crankshaft position sensor is positioned so that teeth on the reluctor ring attached to the crankshaft pass close to the sensor tip. The reluctor ring has one or more teeth missing to provide the engine computer (PCM) with the reference point to the crankshaft position. As the crankshaft ro...
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